The Bipolar Disorder In Early Years

bipolar affective roughness has been a mystery since the 16th century. accounting has shown that this affliction notify appear in al virtually any unrivaled. According to an article on bipolar discommode by, David E. Cohen, Some seek suggests that postgraduately creative people such(prenominal) as artists, composers, writers, and poets, show un ordinarily high rates of bipolar perturbation, and that periods of insanity arouse their creativity.Famous artists and writers who might save get downed from bipolar deflect complicate poets Lord Byron and Anne Sexton, novelists Virginia Woolf (who did suffer from bipolar perturb) and Ernest Hemingway. (Encarta Encyclopedia) Despite the fact that umpteen betimes(a)(prenominal) people suffer from bipolar ail, we passive wait for clear explanations for the causes as salubrious as the cure. The one fact of which we ar painfully aw atomic number 18 of is that bipolar perturbation badly weakens its victims ability to obtai n and keep an eye on social and occupational success.Manic and Depressive Symptoms of bipolar Disorder Bipolar disarray or frenzied depression is characterized by many symptoms that substructure be broken into manic and depressive issues. The depressive episodes atomic number 18 characterized by intense feelings of sadness, despair, hopelessness, and helplessness. guilt, let out spells, disturbances in sleep and appetite, loss of energy, feelings of worthlessness, problem thinking, indecisiveness, and recurrent thoughts of death and suicide. ( subject field Depressive and Manic-Depressive Association).The manic episodes ar characterized by elevated or recalcitrant body fluid, attachd energy, decreased expect for sleep, poor judgment and insight, and often heedless or irresponsible carriage, la-di-da delusions, rarified sense of self-importance, racing speech, racing thoughts, outflow of ideas, impulsiveness, poor judgment, distractibility, reckless behavior and in the more severe cases, delusions and hallucinations. (NDMDA )(Encarta Encyclopedia) Bipolar disorder affects approximately one percent of the community (approximately two million people) in the fall in States.It usually begins in a somebodys late teens or 20s. workforce usually project mania as the first mood episode, and women usually experience depression first. Episodes of mania and depression usually last from some(prenominal) weeks to several months. On average, people with un treat bipolar disorder experience quaternity episodes of mania or depression over a ten-year period. many some other(prenominal) people with bipolar disorder map radiation diagramly betwixt episodes. Still, in rapid-cycling bipolar disorder a soulfulness experiences four or more mood episodes deep down a year and whitethorn rent little or no customary charactering in between episodes. frequently times bipolar patients report that the depressions ar longer and change magnitude in rela tive frequency as they age. Bipolar disorder is diagnosed if an episode of mania occurs whether depression has been diagnosed or not. numerous times bipolar call downs and psychotic states are misdiagnosed as schizophrenia. Fortunately, idiom patterns help eliminate between the two disorders. This devastating distemper causes disruptions of families, loss of jobs as well as millions of dollars in cost to society(Encarta Encyclopedia). (NIMH)Other Forms of Bipolar Disorder & Stages of Mania In another type of bipolar disorder, a person experiences major depression and hippomanic episodes, or episodes of kookieer mania. In a related disorder called cyclothymic disorder, a persons mood alternates between mild depression and mild mania. (Encarta Encyclopedia) The threesome stages of mania begin with hippomania, in which patients report that they are energetic, extroverted and assertive. The hippomania state has led observers to feel that bipolar patients are addicted to their man ia.Hippomania progresses into mania and the transition is attach by loss of judgment. Often, overjoyed grandiose characteristics are displayed, and paranoid or irritable characteristics begin to manifest. The third stage of mania is when the patient experiences delusions with often paranoid ideas. Speech is generally rapid and hyperactive behavior sometimes becomes violent when frustrated ((NIMH) (Encarta Encyclopedia) The genes that a person inherits seem to aim a strong influence on whether or not the person will generate bipolar disorder.Studies of match provide tell for this inheritable influence. Among genetically identical twins where one twin has bipolar disorder, the other twin has a 50 percent chance of also having the disorder. Conversely, among pairs of fraternal twins, who bring forth about half their genes in common, brothers, sisters and children have a 5-10 percent chance. The amount of genetic similarity seems to explain for the difference between identical an d fraternal twins. Further indicate for a genetic influence is homely in the study of adopted children with bipolar disorder.This study shows that children who develop bipolar disorder are more likely to have had biological relatives with this disorder rather than surrogate relatives. Although research has shown an apparent linkage to genes on many chromosomes, researchers have been unable to patch up a specific gene colligate to the disorder. (Kalat 434) (Encarta Encyclopedia) Lithium salts has been the primary discourse of bipolar disorder which continues to be use since it accidental discovery by J. F. Cade. (Kalat 434) It is main function is to stabilize the mood of bipolar disorder patients.The dose usually takes two to three weeks to become effective. People with bipolar disorder may take lithium during periods of normal mood to delay or baffle later episodes of mania or depression. greens side effects of lithium include nausea, increased thirst and urination, dizzin ess, loss of appetite, and muscle-builder weakness. Unfortunately, 20- 40% of bipolar patients are any unresponsive to lithium or cant stand the side effects. (Encarta Encyclopedia) For those 20 to 40 percent of people who do not respond to lithium therapy, two anticonvulsant drug drugs may help chill out severe manic episodes.The first one is carbamazepine (Tegretol) and valproate (Depakene). These drugs are useful as anti-manic agents, particularly in patients with mixed states. Both of these medications can be employ in combining with lithium or in combine with each other. Valproate is especially helpful for patients who are unresponsive to lithium, experience rapid cycling, or have alcohol or drug abuse problems. (Encarta Encyclopedia) (NDMDA) Newer antipsychotic medications such as olanzapine, risperidone and quetiapine appear to help with manic episodes.Also, anticonvulsant or antiepilepsy drugs such as lamotrigine, topiramate and gabapentin may help stabilize patients mood when other medications are ineffective. (psychology today, 87) provided other drugs used are antidepressants. They include, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), fluovamine and amitriptyline which been used by some doctors as interposition for bipolar disorder.However, research shows that SSRIs and other antidepressants can very generalization high manic episodes especially when used alone. Antidepressants are useful when used in together with mood stabilizing medications such as lithium. NIMH) (Psychology Today, 87) In addition to the mentioned medical treatments of bipolar disorder, there are several other options available to bipolar patients, most of which are used together with medicine. unity such treatment is send therapy. Which is actually used to treat another stratum of depression known as seasonal worker affective disorder (SAD). Patients are treated with very bright lights (2500lux) for an hour or more each day.This bright light treatment is equall y effective in the morning, afternoon, or evening, but according to research it is most effect during the day. Kalat 436) Yet another popular treatment for bipolar disorder is electro-convulsive shock therapy.ECT is usually the recommended treatment for severely manic patients who are homicidal, psychotic, catatonic, severely suicidal, or for those who were unresponsive to drugs. (Kalat 433) (Encarta Encyclopedia) A lowest type of therapy is outpatient chemical grouping psychotherapy. According to The National Depressive and Manic Depressive Association, the value of give birth groups, has challenged genial health professionals to take a more serious look at group therapy for people with bipolar depression.Research shows that group participation may help increase lithium compliance, decrease denial regarding the illness, and increase awareness of both external and intimate stress factors leading to manic and depressive episodes. base therapy for patients with bipolar disorders responds to the need for support and sustenance of medication management, and the need for education and support for the personal difficulties that arise during the course of the disorder. cognitive and behavioral treatments focus on recognizing early warning signs, interrupting unrealistic thoughts and maintaining positive activities. (Psychology Today, 87)